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For the past few decades, Filipino showbiz stars have been flocking to Japan in search of fame and fortune. Many of these artists are no longer able to travel abroad, nor can many ever return due to their high profile status in society. As a result, the number of "migrant Filipino entertainers" has increased exponentially. The influx has led to an increase in demand for entertainment-related work by Japanese companies that hire Filipino domestic workers. While some are employed as foreign employees for short periods, others are employed as domestic helpers who live with their employers while earning less than one dollar an hour. The illegal practice of "foreign entertainment recruitment agencies" has become a thriving industry in Japan. Based on the fact that many of the Filipino entertainers are holding on to their Philippine passports, they are not supposed to work in Japan. As a result, most Filipino workers are hesitant about contacting the Philippine Embassy or the Philippine Overseas Labor Office for assistance with their employment verification. Some also refrain from doing so because they feel that it will affect their chances of getting future jobs with Japanese employers. The Japanese government has sought to protect the rights of its Filipino entertainers through legislation, which has been enacted since April 5, 2008. The law was created to regulate the practice of "foreign entertainment recruitment agencies" in Japan. Based on the definition of "entertainment agency," government offices, educational institutions, hospitals, and other employers are prohibited from engaging in the business of employing foreign entertainers. On August 31, 2009, Filipino entertainers filed 13 high-profile lawsuits against Japanese employers that had illegally hired them through foreign entertainment recruitment agencies. The lawsuits were eventually settled out of court. The Philippines is currently one of Japan's largest source countries for migrant workers. An estimated 15-20% of all Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are employed abroad in Japan. However, the actual numbers are likely far higher due to the high demand for Filipino domestic workers in the country. Most of these workers are hired by Japanese employers through foreign entertainment recruitment agencies. A large proportion of these workers become victims of human trafficking. According to a report by the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), most Filipino entertainers who travel to Japan through illicit means pay an exorbitant fee ranging from Php 80,000-250,000 (US$2,400-US$6,400). Their passports and visas are confiscated and held "hostage" until they complete their contracts with their Japanese employers. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)- who resided or worked in Japan- are legally allowed to work for their employer anywhere in the world. However, should they be employed by a Japanese company, their employment can only take place in Japan. Because OFWs are required to live in Japan while working for their employers, most of them are unable to return home at any other time. Because of this policy, many domestic helpers who have been illegally hired overseas by Japanese companies often become trapped into a cycle of debt that is nearly impossible to escape from. Many foreign manufacturers have started operating out of warehouses in the Philippines since the country is known to have enormous production capacity and low labor costs. cfa1e77820
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